Antiretroviral drugs are medications for the treatment of infection by retroviruses, primarily HIV. When several such drugs, typically three or four, are taken in combination, the approach is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy, or HAART. The American National Institutes of Health and other organizations recommend offering antiretroviral treatment to all patients with AIDS. Because of the complexity of selecting and following a regimen, the severity of the side-effects and the importance of compliance to prevent viral resistance. However, such organizations emphasize the importance of involving patients in therapy choices, and recommend analyzing the risks and the potential benefits to patients without symptoms. There are different classes of antiretroviral drugs that act at different stages of the HIV life-cycle.

The following is a list of new HIV drugs under development in 2009
   
  • Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in Development (September 13, 2009)
  •  Small Clinical Trial Examines Drug's Ability to Reduce HIV in Body (July 22, 2009)
  • In Kaiser Daily U.S. HIV/AIDS Report, from Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
  • Antiretroviral Drug Development in 2009 (July 2009).In TAG 2009 Pipeline Report, from Treatment Action Group
  • Protease Inhibitors in Development (April 18, 2009). From AIDS InfoNet
  • Gilead Initiates Phase II Clinical Trial of Integrase-Based, Single-Tablet, Once-Daily Regimen for the Treatment of HIV (April 17, 2009). Study will assess safety and efficacy of single-tablet regimen containing elvitegravir boosted by GS 9350 and Truvada compared to Atripla. From Gilead Sciences, Inc.
  • HIV Drugs in the Pipeline (March/April 2009). A concise summary of drugs further along in development.
  • In Positively Aware, from Test Positive Aware Network
  • Combining New Drugs (Winter/Spring 2009). In Bulletin of Experimental Treatments for AIDS, from San Francisco AIDS Foundation
  • New Pharmaco-Enhancers (Winter/Spring 2009). In Bulletin of Experimental Treatments for AIDS, from San Francisco AIDS Foundation
General information

1.     Entry/fusion inhibitors       

  • Enfuvirtide
  • Maraviroc
  • Vicriviroc
  • Ibalizumab

 

2.     Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) 

  • Nucleoside & Nucleotide (NRTI)
    • Nucleoside analogues:
      • Abacavir
      •  Emtricitabine  
      •  Lamivudine 
      • Didanosine
      • Zidovudine  
      • Apricitabine
      •  Stampidine
      •  Elvucitabine
      •  Racivir
      • Amdoxovir
      •  Stavudine
      •  Zalcitabine
    • Nucleotide analogues: Tenofovir

 

  • Non-Nucleoside
    • Efavirenz
    •  Nevirapine
    • diarylpyrimidines (Etravirine, Rilpivirine)
    •  Loviride
    • Delavirdine

 

3.     Integrase inhibitors  

  • Raltegravir
  •  Elvitegravir
  • Globoidnan A (experimental)

 

4.     Maturation inhibitors

  • Bevirimat
  • Vivecon
  • Protease Inhibitors (PI)
  • Atazanavir
  •  Fosamprenavir
  • Lopinavir
  •  Darunavir
  •  Nelfinavir
  • Ritonavir
  • Saquinavir
  • Tipranavir
  • Amprenavir
  • Indinavir

 

5.     Combined formulations      

  • Combivir
  • Atripla
  • Trizivir
  • Truvada
  • Kaletra
  • Epzicom

6.     Experimental agents 

  • Uncoating inhibitors :TRIM5alpha (gene)
  • Transcription inhibitors: Tat antagonists
  • Translation inhibitorsl: Trichosanthin
  • Abzyme · Calanolide A · Ceragenin · Cyanovirin-N · Diarylpyrimidines · Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) · Foscarnet · Griffithsin · Hydroxyurea · Miltefosine · Portmanteau inhibitors · Seliciclib · Synergistic enhancers · Tre recombinase · Zinc finger protein transcription factor
  • Failed agents: Dexelvucitabine, Capravirine, Emivirine, Lodenosine, Atevirdine,  Brecanavir, Aplaviroc